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DIABETES MANAGEMENT
Your go-to hub for tips, tricks, and real talk on living boldly with diabetes
Not All Sugar Is Created Equal - What Works Best for Treating Lows?
You've probably had a low where you found yourself rummaging through the pantry, looking for something sweet. A handful of candy? Some leftover juice? Maybe a chocolate bar? They all contain sugar, so they should all do the trick, right? Not exactly. The type of sugar you're eating can make a difference in how quickly your blood glucose rises. And when you're low, understanding that difference can help you choose something that gets to work faster. First, Not All Sugar Is the Same We tend to use the word "sugar" as a catchall, but there are several different types, each with its own chemical structure and path through the body. Three of the most common are glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Glucose: The Direct Route Glucose, also called dextrose, is the sugar your body uses directly for energy. It's also what your blood glucose meter and CGM are measuring. When you consume glucose, it can be absorbed through your small intestine and enter your bloodstream without first needing to be broken down into another type of sugar. That's what makes it especially useful when your blood sugar is low. Glucose tablets, glucose gels, and dextrose-based gummies are designed to deliver this type of carbohydrate directly. And because glucose has a high glycemic index, it gets to work quickly. When you know exactly how much you're taking, it's easier to treat a low without overdoing it and sending your blood sugar soaring later. Sucrose: The Familiar Table Sugar Sucrose is the sugar you'll find in your sugar bowl, many candies, baked goods, and sweetened beverages. It's actually made of two simpler sugars joined together: one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Before your body can absorb sucrose, digestive enzymes split it into those two components. The glucose portion can then enter your bloodstream, while the fructose portion follows a different metabolic pathway. That extra step doesn't necessarily mean sucrose is slow. Your body can break it down relatively quickly, so foods containing table sugar can still be effective for treating lows. However, because only half of sucrose is glucose, it may not raise your blood sugar quite as directly as pure dextrose. Sucrose can work for treating lows, but glucose is generally the preferred choice when you want a fast, predictable rise in blood sugar. Fructose: The Different Path Fructose is found naturally in fruit and honey and is also present in many sweetened foods and beverages. Unlike glucose, fructose is processed primarily by the liver after absorption. It doesn't raise blood glucose as directly as glucose does. This distinction matters when treating hypoglycemia. A carbohydrate source that's primarily fructose may have a different immediate effect on blood sugar than one containing the same amount of glucose. However, whole fruit and fruit juice contain mixtures of sugars, often including glucose, fructose, and sucrose. That's why fruit juice can still be an effective option for treating lows. Fructose isn't interchangeable with glucose when you're trying to raise blood sugar quickly, even though both are classified as sugars. What About Your Favorite Candy? Most people with diabetes have a favorite low snack, and it isn't always something sold in the diabetes aisle. Maybe you reach for Skittles, gummy bears, jellybeans, or whatever Halloween candy is still sitting in the pantry. Many of these options can work for treating lows, but it's worth checking their ingredients and nutrition labels. Candies made with dextrose or glucose syrup may provide glucose that can be absorbed quickly. Others rely more heavily on sucrose or different combinations of sugars. And some popular treats have ingredients that can slow things down. Chocolate, for example, contains fat, which can delay digestion and carbohydrate absorption. A chocolate bar might contain plenty of sugar, but it generally isn't the most efficient first choice when your glucose is dropping. The same goes for cookies, pastries, and other desserts that combine carbohydrates with significant amounts of fat. That doesn't make these foods off-limits. It simply means they serve a different purpose than a dedicated fast-acting low treatment. Why Dextrose-Based Products Are Worth Keeping Around There's a reason glucose tablets have been a diabetes staple for decades. When you're low, having a product made with dextrose removes some of the guesswork around which type of sugar you're consuming. Glucose tablets and gels are straightforward options, but they're no longer the only choices. Products like Glow Gummies and Transcend gels use dextrose as their carbohydrate source, offering a gummy or gel formats for people who prefer something different from traditional glucose tablets. The practical advantage is knowing what you're reaching for and how much carbohydrate you're getting. And when you're shaky, distracted, or trying to get back to what you were doing, simplicity matters. Does the Amount of Sugar Matter, Too? Absolutely. Choosing a fast-acting carbohydrate is important, but so is knowing how much you're consuming. For many adults, the standard recommendation for treating blood glucose below 70 mg/dL is the 15-15 rule: Consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates. Wait 15 minutes and recheck your glucose. If you're still below 70 mg/dL, repeat the process. Common examples include glucose tablets or gel providing 15 grams of carbohydrate, approximately 4 ounces of regular juice or soda, or an appropriate portion of fast-acting candy. However, individual treatment plans can vary. For example, people using automated insulin delivery systems may sometimes need only 5–10 grams of carbohydrate for a low because their systems have already reduced or suspended insulin delivery. Exercise-related lows or significant excess insulin on board may require a different approach. Your diabetes care team can help you determine what amount makes sense for your treatment routine. And while it's tempting to keep eating until your CGM shows a reassuring upward arrow, remember that CGMs measure glucose in interstitial fluid, which can lag behind blood glucose during rapid changes. Following your treatment plan and using a fingerstick when appropriate can help prevent unnecessary repeat treatments. What If You Don't Have Glucose Available? Maybe you're at a holiday party, out to dinner, or somewhere you weren't expecting to go low. Your glucose tablets are in another bag, and the only thing available is a bowl of candy or a glass of regular soda. Use the fast-acting carbohydrate you have available. Although pure glucose is preferred, the American Diabetes Association recognizes that other carbohydrates containing glucose can also raise blood sugar. Regular soda, juice, table sugar, and many candies are all commonly used options. The important thing is to treat the low promptly rather than wait for an ideal product. If you're experiencing severe hypoglycemia and cannot safely swallow, oral food or drinks should not be given. That's when emergency glucagon and immediate assistance are needed. Find a Low Treatment That Works for You The science of sugar is useful, but so is having a treatment you'll actually keep stocked. Some people prefer glucose tablets because they're easy to measure. Others like juice boxes, gels, or dextrose gummies that can be tossed into a bag. Whatever you choose, look for something that's easy to carry, has a clearly labeled carbohydrate amount, and works with your individualized treatment plan. It's also worth keeping fast-acting glucose in more than one place, especially during the busy holiday season when routines and plans tend to change. Final Thoughts Glucose, sucrose, and fructose might all taste sweet, but your body doesn't process them in exactly the same way. For treating low blood sugar, glucose has a clear advantage because it can enter the bloodstream directly, which is why it's the preferred initial treatment. But plenty of other carbohydrate sources can still be effective, and having something available when you need it matters most. So enjoy the holiday candy for what it is. And consider keeping a dedicated fast-acting glucose option nearby for the moments when your blood sugar needs a little more immediate attention.
Read moreWhy Blood Sugar Can Feel So Unpredictable
As the days get shorter, temperatures drop, and we prepare to turn the clocks back, our routines start to shift. Maybe you're sleeping a little differently, spending less time outside, or finding that your usual schedule doesn't quite line up with the daylight anymore. And if you live with diabetes, you might notice something else changing: your blood sugar. You can eat the same breakfast, take the same amount of insulin, and follow the same routine, only to end up with a completely different CGM graph than you did yesterday. It's one of the most frustrating parts of managing diabetes. But there's a reason the same decisions don't always lead to the same results. Blood sugar is influenced by far more than food and insulin, and some of the biggest variables are happening behind the scenes. Sleep Can Change the Equation Sleep plays a meaningful role in glucose regulation. Research has shown that insufficient sleep can reduce insulin sensitivity, meaning your body may need more insulin to manage the same amount of glucose. That could explain why your usual breakfast suddenly sends you higher after a restless night, or why your blood sugar seems harder to manage during a week when you're not sleeping well. Your body's natural circadian rhythm also influences hormone production throughout the day. Cortisol, for example, typically rises in the morning and can contribute to the dawn phenomenon, when blood sugar climbs before or shortly after waking. What to keep in mind: If you notice a pattern of higher glucose after poor sleep, it may be worth looking at your sleep routine alongside your CGM data rather than focusing exclusively on what you ate. Stress Doesn't Have to Feel Stressful to Affect Glucose Most people with diabetes know that stress can raise blood sugar. But stress isn't limited to feeling anxious or overwhelmed. Your body also responds to physical stress, including illness, pain, intense exercise, and even recovering from a difficult night of sleep. When your body experiences stress, it releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones can signal your liver to release more glucose and temporarily make your body less sensitive to insulin. That's why you might see a rise during a stressful work meeting, before a big presentation, or while fighting off a cold. And sometimes, you may not consciously feel particularly stressed at all. The same hormones can also play a role during exciting experiences, competitive sports, or other situations that trigger an adrenaline response. Your Insulin Sensitivity Isn't Constant Insulin sensitivity describes how effectively your body responds to insulin. And while we often think about insulin doses as something relatively consistent, the amount of insulin your body needs can change throughout the day and from one day to the next. Stress, physical activity, hormones, illness, and sleep can all influence how sensitive your body is to insulin. For example, a dose that works perfectly after breakfast on Monday might not have the same effect on Tuesday if you slept poorly or are coming down with a cold. The insulin hasn't necessarily changed -- your body's response to it has. This is also why insulin needs can shift over time, even when your eating habits and daily routine stay relatively consistent. The Same Meal Can Produce Different Results You've probably experienced this one. You eat a meal you've had dozens of times, count the carbohydrates the same way, and use your usual insulin dose. Yesterday, it worked beautifully. Today, you're watching a stubborn high. Part of the explanation comes down to everything else happening in your body. Your insulin sensitivity, recent activity, stress levels, and sleep can all influence how you respond to food. But the meal itself can introduce additional variables. Foods containing more fat or protein may slow digestion and lead to a later glucose rise. The timing of your insulin can also affect how closely insulin action matches the absorption of carbohydrates. Even the same meal can digest a little differently depending on portion sizes, preparation, and what else you've eaten. For people using insulin pumps or automated insulin delivery, changes in insulin absorption at an infusion site can add another layer of variability. Hormones Are Another Moving Target Hormones play a major role in how the body uses glucose, and their effects can be especially noticeable for people with diabetes. Menstrual cycles are one common example. Some people experience increased insulin resistance in the days leading up to their period, while others notice lower glucose levels at different points in their cycle. Puberty, pregnancy, perimenopause, and menopause can also change insulin needs. And hormones aren't only relevant during major life stages. The daily fluctuations in cortisol and growth hormone that help regulate your sleep-wake cycle can influence glucose patterns, too. If you notice recurring changes around certain times of the month or day, tracking those patterns can help you and your diabetes care team understand whether adjustments might be useful. Your Activity Yesterday Can Affect Your Glucose Today Exercise can influence blood sugar long after a workout ends. Physical activity often increases insulin sensitivity, and that effect can continue for many hours afterward. Depending on the activity, some people experience delayed lows later in the day or overnight. On the other hand, intense exercise can temporarily raise glucose through the release of stress hormones. Even changes that don't feel like formal exercise can matter. Maybe you're walking less now that the weather is cooler and the sun sets earlier. Or perhaps you've started taking an evening fitness class instead of going for your usual afternoon walk. Those small changes in movement can influence insulin sensitivity and glucose patterns. This is one reason seasonal transitions can sometimes bring unexpected shifts in diabetes management, even when your food and insulin routines haven't changed much. Sometimes, It's Your Diabetes Tech Not every unexpected glucose reading is caused by a change in your body. A CGM measures glucose in interstitial fluid rather than directly in the bloodstream, which means readings can lag behind blood glucose when levels are changing quickly. Compression lows, sensor issues, and the normal limits of device accuracy can also produce readings that don't reflect what's actually happening. For insulin pump users, infusion site problems can create another source of unpredictability. A bent cannula, leaking site, or interrupted insulin delivery may cause unexplained highs. If a reading doesn't match how you're feeling, checking with a blood glucose meter can help clarify the situation. And if you're experiencing persistent unexplained highs while using a pump, follow your pump-failure and ketone-checking plan rather than assuming it's simply another unpredictable diabetes day. Look for Patterns Without Expecting Perfection With so many variables influencing blood sugar, it can be tempting to analyze every unexpected number. But you don't need to solve the mystery behind every glucose fluctuation. Instead, it may be more useful to look for patterns that repeat. Do you tend to run higher after nights when you sleep poorly? Does your insulin sensitivity change around your menstrual cycle? Are you noticing more afternoon highs now that you're moving less during the workday? Your CGM reports can help reveal trends over several days or weeks, especially when paired with a little context about your routine. If you notice a persistent change, your diabetes care team can help you decide whether adjustments to your insulin, medication, or technology settings make sense. And remember that not every unexpected reading requires an immediate correction. Following your established treatment plan and accounting for active insulin can help you avoid turning one unexpected number into a series of highs and lows. Final Thoughts As we settle into shorter days and shifting schedules, it's a good time to pay attention to how changes in your routine might be showing up in your glucose data. Sleep, stress, hormones, movement, and insulin sensitivity are constantly interacting, which helps explain why even your most familiar meals and routines can produce different results. Understanding those influences can make unexpected numbers easier to interpret and help you recognize when a pattern is worth addressing. Diabetes will always involve some unpredictability. But the more context you have around your glucose data, the more useful that information becomes.
Read moreHow to Build a Diabetes Backup Kit You’ll Actually Use
Nothing tests your diabetes preparedness quite like needing a supply that's sitting at home. Maybe your pump site fails halfway through the workday, your CGM starts peeling while you're out, or you reach into your bag for a low snack and realize you ate the last one yesterday. A well-stocked backup kit can make those situations a lot easier to handle. And you don't need to carry an entire pharmacy to be prepared. Here are a few essentials worth making room for in your everyday bag, along with some products that make managing diabetes on the go a little easier. 1. Low Snacks That Are Ready When You Need Them Fast-acting glucose is one of the most important things to keep within reach. And since low treatments have a habit of disappearing from bags, jackets, and pockets, it's worth keeping a dedicated stash in your kit. Our pick: Glow Gummies Glow's resealable gummy pouches are especially convenient for carrying on-the-go. They're made with fast-acting dextrose, making it easy to portion the amount you need according to your low-treatment plan. Choose a flavor you genuinely enjoy, and keep an extra pouch handy for when your original stash runs out. 2. Something to Save a Peeling Site A lifting CGM or pump adhesive can turn an otherwise ordinary day into an unexpected site change. Having a little extra adhesive protection on hand can help you deal with peeling edges before they become a bigger issue. Our pick: Skin Grip Tape Roll Skin Grip's Tape Roll can be cut to fit your needs, making it especially useful for reinforcing lifting adhesive or adding extra security around a sensor or pump site. Cut a few strips ahead of time and tuck them into your kit. They'll take up virtually no space, and you'll be glad to have them when your adhesive starts giving up. 3. Adhesive Remover Wipes for Unexpected Site Changes When a sensor fails early or you need to replace a pump site away from home, removing stubborn adhesive can be its own challenge. Our pick: Skin Grip Adhesive Remover Wipes Individually packaged adhesive remover wipes are easy to slip into a small pouch and can help loosen adhesive residue during an unexpected device change. Consider packing an alcohol wipe as well, so you have what you need to prepare a fresh site according to your device's instructions. 4. A Way to Protect Your Insulin From Heat Insulin and extreme temperatures aren't a great combination. If you're carrying backup insulin during warm weather, commuting, or spending extended time outdoors, a temperature-management solution can be a useful addition. Our pick: FRÍO Cooling Wallets FRÍO wallets use water-activated evaporative cooling, so they don't require ice packs or refrigeration to operate. They're reusable and come in different sizes for insulin pens and vials. Keep in mind that FRÍO wallets are designed for suitable in-use insulin storage, not as a replacement for refrigeration when it's required. Always check your insulin manufacturer's storage instructions, and allow airflow around an activated wallet. 5. The Supplies That Match Your Diabetes Tech This part of your kit will look different depending on how you manage your diabetes. If you use an insulin pump, consider keeping an extra infusion set or pod, along with any supplies needed for a site change. If you use injections, spare pen needles or syringes may be more useful. A backup blood glucose meter, compatible test strips, and a lancing device are also worth having, even if you use a CGM. They're especially important when sensor readings don't match how you're feeling. For longer days away from home, a spare CGM sensor and a compact charging cable or power bank can also earn their place. And if you use a pump, make sure you have a separate, clinician-approved plan for interrupted insulin delivery, including access to backup insulin and syringes. 6. DietDetector Strips for Double-Checking Drinks You know you asked for diet coke. Keeping DietDetector strips on hand can save you the rage bolus later. Our pick: DietDetector Strips These compact test strips can help you check whether a drink contains sugar, making them especially useful for fountain drinks, coffee orders, and takeout. They're small enough to keep in your wallet or supply pouch, so you can double-check a questionable drink before taking a sip. 7. A Case That Keeps Everything Together Having backup supplies is helpful. Being able to find them when you need them is even better. A dedicated diabetes case can make it easier to keep your supplies organized, whether you want something small enough for your everyday bag or a larger organizer for travel. A few options we like from The Useless Pancreas: Diabetes Supply Case II: A compact wristlet-style case that's easy to carry on its own or toss into a larger bag. Great for everyday essentials. Glucology Diabetes Travel Case: A protective hard-shell organizer for keeping meters, insulin pens, and other supplies secure during travel. Dia-Pak Classic: A roomier organizer with compartments for supplies and a reusable gel pack, useful when you need to carry more than your everyday basics. The best case is one that fits the supplies you actually use and is convenient enough to bring with you regularly. A Few Things Worth Saving on Your Phone Some of the most useful backup supplies don't take up any physical space. Keep an updated screenshot of your insulin pump settings somewhere secure and accessible. If your pump needs to be replaced or reset, having those settings available can save time. It's also helpful to have your diabetes care team's contact information, device manufacturer support numbers, and written pump-failure instructions saved for easy reference. And make sure prescribed emergency glucagon is accessible, with people around you who know how to use it. Keep It Simple, and Keep It Stocked Your everyday backup kit doesn't need to cover every possible scenario. Start with the supplies you're most likely to need unexpectedly, then adjust based on your routine. Every so often, take a quick look inside to replace used low snacks, check expiration dates, and make sure your supplies still match your current devices. Avoid leaving temperature-sensitive supplies in a parked car. A few thoughtfully chosen essentials can make the difference between a minor inconvenience and having to rearrange your entire day. And when diabetes has other plans, it's nice to have a backup of your own.
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